A cystotomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the wall of the urinary bladder to remove bladder stones‚ tumors‚ or other abnormalities. In dogs‚ this procedure is often necessary to alleviate discomfort‚ pain‚ and potential life-threatening complications. In this article‚ we will provide a comprehensive guide to dog cystotomy‚ including its indications‚ procedure‚ and post-operative care.
What is a Cystotomy?
A cystotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making an incision into the bladder to remove bladder stones‚ tumors‚ or other abnormalities. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia‚ and the veterinarian will make an incision into the belly toward the pelvis to access the bladder.
Indications for Cystotomy in Dogs
Cystotomy is most commonly performed in dogs to remove bladder stones (uroliths)‚ which can cause discomfort‚ pain‚ and potentially life-threatening complications. Other indications for cystotomy in dogs include:
- Ureteral evaluation and biopsy
- Removal of masses or tumors
- Treatment of bladder injuries or ruptures
Procedure for Cystotomy in Dogs
The procedure for cystotomy in dogs typically involves the following steps:
- An exploratory laparotomy is performed to access the bladder
- The bladder is packed off using moistened laparotomy swabs to prevent urine leakage
- An incision is made into the bladder to remove the stones‚ tumors‚ or other abnormalities
- The urethra is flushed to remove any remaining stones or debris
- The incision is closed‚ and the bladder is allowed to heal
Post-Operative Care for Dogs after Cystotomy
After a cystotomy‚ dogs will require careful post-operative care to ensure a smooth recovery. This includes:
- Monitoring for signs of pain‚ discomfort‚ or complications
- Administering pain medication and antibiotics as prescribed by the veterinarian
- Restricting activity to prevent straining or stressing the bladder
- Providing a balanced diet and plenty of water to help the bladder heal
Types of Cystotomy Procedures
There are two main types of cystotomy procedures: open approach via midline celiotomy and limited caudal midline approach in conjunction with cystoscopy or urethroscopy. The choice of procedure will depend on the individual dog’s needs and the veterinarian’s professional judgment.
Benefits and Risks of Cystotomy in Dogs
Cystotomy can provide significant benefits for dogs‚ including:
- Relief from pain and discomfort caused by bladder stones or other abnormalities
- Prevention of potential life-threatening complications
- Improved quality of life
However‚ as with any surgical procedure‚ there are also risks associated with cystotomy‚ including:
- Bleeding or hemorrhage
- Infection or abscess formation
- Urinary incontinence or leakage
